Behaviorists can use reinforcement and punishment to change people and animals’ behaviour. I think there is a good example of Behaviorists which is   Ivan Petrovich Pavlov’s Conditioning theory experiment. That is, when a dog performs its master’s order, the dog can get reward. If the dog can something bad thing, the dog will get punishment. Therefore, the dog’s behaviours is changed because of reinforcement and punishment. Behaviorists theory help in my study. When I study hard or get a good grade, I will have a dinner in a fantastic restaurant as a type of reward. Also, this is good way for me to design and increase my study motivation, because the behaviorist and outcome is connected.

Cognitive theory is opposite to behaviorist theory. Cognitive theory emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge and internal psychological structure, so it is closer to the end of rationalism of epistemological continuity (Bower & Hilgard, 1981). The learner’s cognition of knowledge is like a map, and the correct answer can only be known by connecting all the knowledge areas. For example, before mathematics students learn functions, they must understand addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Therefore, learning requires a step-by-step understanding of the content.

Constructivism is a learning theory that learning is meaningful for students, students can adjust and created their own cognitive structure when they learn a mass of different knowledge. In school, as a student, we always keep learning different courses and knowledge. Constructivism is able to help student engage in class. For example, teachers can ask students active teacher’s role to output their knowledge. This way can help students transfer their knowledge to new situations. This teaching way not only the transfer of knowledge, also the processing and conversion of knowledge. Teachers and  students can explore some questions together, and communicate and question each other in the process of exploration.

Reference：

Bower, G. H., & Hilgard, E. R. (1981). Theories of learning (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall